
Santiago Corella, El Nani
Ni los atracadores, ni los camellos, ni los yonquis, ni las putas, ni los abogados, ni tan siquiera los policías que trabajaban en la calle tenían entonces gabinetes de prensa, páginas web, blogs en Internet o cuentas en Facebook y Twitter. Por no tener, no tenían ni teléfonos móviles donde localizarlos en cualquier momento. Así que, en muchas ocasiones, el periodista de sucesos se enteraba de los hechos pirateando las emisoras de la Policía, y, en casi todos los casos, no tenía otro método para contarlos que ir al lugar de los hechos y hablar con la peña. De vuelta a la redacción, se trataba de construir a toda velocidad una historia lo más completa y atractiva que se pudiera.
Así era el periodismo de sucesos que practiqué en Diario de Valencia en el tránsito de la década de los 1970 a los 1980, y así lo seguía siendo cuando me incorporé a la redacción madrileña de El País. Juan Luis Cebrián, entonces un brillante joven director, no tardó en recibirme en su despacho de la tercera planta para darme la bienvenida al diario de Miguel Yuste 40. Me preguntó directamente qué es lo que yo quería hacer en el periódico. Le respondí: “Me encantaría hacer sucesos, pero no estoy muy seguro de que aquí os guste ese género”. Cebrián puso esa sonrisilla pícara que indica que aprueba lo que se le dice y me contestó: “Pues, mira, he estado comiendo con Gabo (así llamó a García Márquez) y me ha dicho precisamente eso, que por qué no había más “policiales” en El País. Y le he dicho la verdad: porque nadie los quiere hacer, porque los redactores prefieren hacer gobierno, parlamento, partidos políticos, justicia, cultura y todo eso. De modo que si te apetece, adelante”.
En los años siguientes, antes de irme como corresponsal de guerra a Beirut, publiqué cientos de informaciones, crónicas y reportajes sobre la criminalidad en aquel Madrid de La Movida, el alcalde Tierno Galván y un Felipe González recién instalado en La Moncloa. Juan Madrid, Jesús Duva, Melchor Miralles, Carlos Fonseca y Amelia Castilla eran algunos de mis colegas periodistas en la cofradía de Thomas de Quincey. Había mucho atraco con escopetas recortadas a bancos, gasolineras y joyerías, muchos yonquis muertos de sobredosis en los lavabos de los tugurios, muchos motines y muchos ajustes de cuentas en el sobresaturado Carabanchel. Lo que se denominaba “inseguridad ciudadana” era el lado sombrío de la transición hacia la democracia, hasta el punto de que se escuchaba con frecuencia aquella gilipollez de que con Franco se vivía mejor.
Treinta años después, Libros del K.O., la joven editorial especializada en periodismo, publica una selección de las historias de sucesos que conté en El País. Álvaro Llorca ha tenido el acierto de titularlas “Crónicas quinquis”. Y no porque versen exclusivamente sobre los quinquis, sino porque, comparadas con el tipo de periodismo que mayoritariamente se hace ahora, esas crónicas le parecen a Álvaro quinquis en sí mismas.
En los últimos años 1970 y primeros 1989, chavales y chavalas de los barrios suburbiales de las grandes ciudades se dieron a atracar al ritmo de la música de Los Chichos y Los Chunguitos Querían ganar dinero fácilmente, querían quemar la vida rápidamente. La heroína, que ataba y mataba, era la droga del momento. Hubo una auténtica fiebre de este tipo de delincuencia juvenil, recogida en su momento en las películas “Deprisa, deprisa”, de Carlos Saura, y “Perros callejeros”, de José Antonio de la Loma, y reconstruida en la última novela de Javier Cercas, “Las leyes de la frontera”.
La mayoría de los protagonistas de aquellos sucesos murió joven. De sobredosis de caballo, en accidentes de tráfico o por disparos de policías o comerciantes atracados. Uno de ellos fue Miguel, el guitarra de Desechables, un grupo punk de cuyo disco “Golpe tras golpe” fuimos productores Esteban Torralva y yo. El 23 de diciembre de 1983, Miguel intentó atracar una joyería de Villafranca del Penedés con una pistola de fogueo. El joyero le disparó desde la trastienda con una pistola de verdad.
Me afectó mucho esa muerte, y me afectó mucho el “caso El Nani”. Desde el mismo día de su detención, trabajé en el asunto porque sus familiares vinieron a verme a la redacción de El País para denunciar la brutalidad de su captura y el que desde entonces estuviera en paradero desconocido. Conviví con ellos durante meses y fuimos constatando que la hipótesis de que estaba muerto desde el día mismo de su detención, de que a los policías se les había ido la mano en los calabozos de la Puerta del Sol, era la más verosímil. Finalmente, fui testigo de la acusación en el juicio contra los inspectores responsables de un siniestro destino que convirtió a El Nani en “el primer desaparecido de la democracia española”.
“Crónicas quinquis” se cierra con la muerte de Enrique Tierno Galván. Poco después, yo viajé a Beirut y, a partir de ahí, estuve varios lustros fuera de España. La muerte de aquel alcalde marcó el final de La Movida. Su paternalismo libertario había sido clave para crear en Madrid las condiciones para la eclosión de creatividad de comienzos de los 1980. Lo recuerdo con mucho cariño.
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